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en:mm:hering:collinsonia-canadensis-r478 [2013/10/21 11:39]
en:mm:hering:collinsonia-canadensis-r478 [2013/10/21 11:39] (current)
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 +====== COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS ======
 +<span tc1>​{{anchor:​s1}}Collinsonia Canadensis.</​span>​
 +
 +<span grade2>​{{anchor:​s2}}Horsebalm,​ Richweed, Stone-root. {{anchor:​s3}}Labiatae.</​span>​
 +
 +{{anchor:​s4}}An indigenous plant, with very hard, knotty and tough root, growing in woods from Canada to the Carolinas; flowers from July to September.
 +
 +{{anchor:​s5}}A valuable remedy, of which we have but a single proving, by Burt.
 +
 +====== CLINICAL AUTHORITIES. ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s7}}- <span grade2>​Constipation</​span>,​ A. L. Carrol, N. A. J. H., vol. 5, p. 546; H. N. Martin, Trans. H. M. S. P., 1882, p. 205; Hughes, Raue's R., 1870, p. 247; <span grade2>​Constipation during gestation</​span>,​ Hempel and Arndt'​s Mat. Med., p. 763; <span grade2>​Hemorrhoids</​span>​ (2 cases), A. L. Carroll, N. A. J. H., vol. 5, p. 546; E. P. Fowler, N. A. J. H., vol. 6, p. 181; W. H. Williamson, Raue's R., 1874, p. 202; E. P. Fowler, N. A. J. H., vol. 6, p. 182; E. C. Franklin (several cases), A. O., vol. 3, p. 301; <span grade2>​Prolapsus ani</​span>,​ Capen, Hempel & Arndt'​s Mat. Med., p. 764; <span grade2>​Varicocele consequent upon constipation</​span>,​ E. P. Fowler, N. A. J. H., vol. 6, p. 82; <span grade2>​Prolapsus uteri, with pruritus and dysmenorrhea</​span>,​ F. G. Snelling, N. A. J. H., vol. 6, p. 84; <span grade2>​Dysmenorrhea</​span>,​ E. T. Blake, Raue's R., 1873, p. 172; <span grade2>​Dysmenorrhea,​ and menstrual convulsions</​span>,​ Krebs, B. J. H., vol. 23, p. 672; E. P. Fowler, N. A. J. H., vol. 6, p. 83; <span grade2>​Pruritus during pregnancy</​span>,​ A. M. Cushing, N. E. M. G., vol. 1, p. 107; <span grade2>​Sympathetic aphonia</​span>,​ J. H. Marsden, Trans. Hom. Med. Soc. Penn., 1882, p. 291; <span grade2>​Pulmonary hemorrhage</​span>,​ C. Th. Liebold, N. A. J. H., vol. 7, p. 494.
 +
 +====== MIND. [1] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s9}}Is gloomy all the time with a heavy expression; stool hard and difficult.
 +
 +====== SENSORIUM. [2] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s11}}Dizziness,​ with gastric and hemorrhoidal troubles.
 +
 +====== INNER HEAD. [3] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s13}}Dull pain in head.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s14}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Constipation.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s15}}Dull frontal headache, with lassitude and desire to sleep, or fullness in head and throbbing.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s16}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Hemorrhoids.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s17}}Gastric and hemorrhoidal headaches, with dizziness.</​span>​\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s18}}Headache from suppressed hemorrhoidal discharges.</​span>​
 +
 +====== TASTE, SPEECH, TONGUE. [11] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s20}}Whitish coating of tongue, with loss of appetite.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s21}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Constipation.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s22}}Tongue coated yellow along centre or base, with bitter taste.
 +
 +====== EATING AND DRINKING. [15] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s24}}Loss of appetite.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s25}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Constipation.</​span>​
 +
 +====== HICCOUGH, BELCHING, NAUSEA AND VOMITING. [16] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s27}}Nausea,​ with cramplike pains in stomach.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s28}}Nausea,​ with obstinate constipation,​ during gestation.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s29}}Vomiting with pain and heat in stomach.
 +
 +====== SCROBICULUM AND STOMACH. [17] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s31}}Constant heaviness in stomach.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s32}}Dyspepsia,​ with waterbrash and hemorrhoids,​ and weight in epigastrium;​ generally troubles of rectum.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s33}}Sharp cutting in stomach every five minutes while sitting.\\ {{anchor:​s34}}Spasms of stomach, flatulence, excessive appetite.
 +
 +====== ABDOMEN AND LOINS. [19] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s36}}Heavy,​ dragging ache in pelvis.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s37}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Constipation.</​span>​\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s38}}Colic with flatulence and nausea.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s39}}Flatulence,​ with rumbling in stomach and bowels and distension of abdomen.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s40}}Cutting,​ colicky pains in hypogastrium,​ every few minutes; must sit down; becomes very faint; cannot sleep.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s41}}Congestion of portal system and of pelvic viscera, with flatulent rumbling in stomach and bowels; sluggish stool with distended abdomen; piles.</​span>​
 +
 +====== STOOLS AND RECTUM. [20] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s43}}Pure mucous stools, or mucous stools mixed with dark substances; before stools severe pain in lower part of abdomen, during stool, tenesmus; little pain after stool; vomiting.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s44}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Chronic diarrhea of children.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s45}}Mucous,​ watery stools, with cramplike or spasmodic pains in bowels, vomiting, flatulence.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s46}}Diarrhea of children, with colic, cramps and flatulence.\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s47}}Mucous or black and fecal stools, with colic and tenesmus.</​span>​ <span sbitared>​{{anchor:​s48}}~</​span>​ <span grade4>​Chronic diarrhea after confinement.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s49}}Loose,​ papescent stool and nausea.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s50}}Four to twelve stools daily; two at night.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s51}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Chronic diarrhea of children.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s52}}Light-colored,​ lumpy stools, with distress in anus.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s53}}Copious,​ bilious, yellow stools; mucous, bloody, with tenesmus.\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s54}}Hemorrhoidal dysentery with tenesmus.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s55}}Light-colored,​ lumpy stool, with hard straining, followed by dull pains in anus and hypogastrium,​ lasting about half an hour.</​span>​\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s56}}Obstinate constipation with hemorrhoids;​ stools very sluggish and hard, accompanied by pain and flatulence.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s57}}Bowels not moved for six or seven days, a feeling of constant pressure in rectum, with a heavy, dragging ache in pelvis.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s58}}Constipation and hemorrhoids from congestive inertia of lower bowel, especially in pregnancy.\\ {{anchor:​s59}}Before and after stool, severe pain in hypogastrium and much tenesmus.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s60}}Congestive inertia of lower bowel.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s61}}Weight or pressure in rectum, with intense irritation or itching there.\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s62}}Piles with constipation,​ or even with diarrhea, bleeding, or blind and protruding; feeling of sticks, gravel or sand in rectum; evening and night; amel. in morning.</​span>​\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s63}}Flowing piles, hemorrhage incessant though not profuse, with alternate constipation and diarrhea.</​span>​\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s64}}Chronic,​ painful, bleeding hemorrhoids.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s65}}Great itching or burning in anus; tumefaction of anus and rectum.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s66}}Prolapsus ani, with hemorrhoids,​ great loss of blood and debility.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s67}}Hemorrhages from anus, blood dark and tough, enveloped in viscid phlegm.\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s68}}Chronic diseases of rectum.</​span>​
 +
 +====== URINARY ORGANS. [21] ======
 +
 +<span grade2>​{{anchor:​s70}}Chronic nephritis and cystitis; catarrh of the bladder.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s71}}Urine increased.
 +
 +====== MALE SEXUAL ORGANS. [22] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s73}}Varicocele,​ with extreme constipation.</​span>​\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s74}}Spermatorrhea kept up by piles and constipation.</​span>​
 +
 +====== FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS. [23] ======
 +
 +<span grade2>​{{anchor:​s76}}Uterine diseases dependent upon diseases of rectum and bowels.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s77}}Prolapsus or displacement caused by constipation.\\ {{anchor:​s78}}Prolapsus in evening, with pruritus, dysmenorrhea and constipation.\\ {{anchor:​s79}}Congestion of cervix uteri, with painful hemorrhoids and aggravated constipation.\\ {{anchor:​s80}}Menorrhagia,​ with constipation and piles.\\ {{anchor:​s81}}Amenorrhea from pelvic congestion.\\ {{anchor:​s82}}Obstructive dysmenorrhea,​ especially where there are loss of appetite, constipation,​ piles with or without pruritus; when pelvic and portal congestion are coexistent.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s83}}Terrible dysmenorrhea,​ with hemorrhoids,​ constant diarrhea, and loss of appetite.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s84}}Convulsions preceded by severe pain in region of womb, amounting to twenty or more, in paroxysms of fifteen to twenty minutes in duration, and requiring two or three persons to prevent patient from hurting herself; convulsions followed by stupor, lasting twenty-four hours or more, from which patient revives with a severe headache.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s85}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Dysmenorrhea.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s86}}Membranous dysmenorrhea.\\ {{anchor:​s87}}Leucorrhea with pruritus, obstinate constipation and dysmenorrhea.\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s88}}Pruritus vulva, accompanied by hemorrhoids.</​span>​
 +
 +====== PREGNANCY. PARTURITION. LACTATION. [24] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s92}}Pruritus in pregnancy; violent itching; parts smell badly, are swollen, dark red and protruding; she cannot lie down.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s93}}Pruritus at eighth month of pregnancy, genitals considerably swollen and inflamed, very sore, so that she could neither walk, lie down, nor sit, except upon edge of chair; the itching is intolerable,​ making patient almost delirious.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s94}}Obstinate constipation during gestation.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s95}}Diarrhea after confinement.</​span>​
 +
 +====== VOICE AND LARYNX. TRACHEA AND BRONCHIA. [25] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s98}}Voice reduced to a feeble, scarcely intelligible whisper; very nervous; creeping, chilly sensation, especially in afternoon; spasmodic, crampy pains in abdomen; frequent necessity to urinate, with great urgency; sometimes when bowels are lax, inability to retain feces; sensation of extreme tenderness in rectum, with copious discharge of offensive muco-purulent matter.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s99}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Sympathetic aphonia.</​span>​
 +
 +====== RESPIRATION. [26] ======
 +
 +<span grade2>​{{anchor:​s101}}Dyspnea,​ cough with cardiac affections.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s102}}Severe attacks of dyspnea with great weakness.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s103}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Irritation of cardiac nerves.</​span>​
 +
 +====== COUGH. [27] ======
 +
 +<span grade2>​{{anchor:​s105}}Hard,​ shaking cough, with bloody expectoration.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s106}}Cough,​ with expectoration of lumps of coagulated blood enveloped in mucus.
 +
 +====== INNER CHEST AND LUNGS. [28] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s108}}Hemorrhage from lungs, with short, hacking cough; dark, tough coagula, enveloped in viscid mucus; uneasiness in chest but no pain; bleeding from rectum the first day; subsequent costiveness.</​span>​\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s109}}Pains in chest alternating with piles.</​span>​
 +
 +====== HEART, PULSE AND CIRCULATION. [29] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s111}}Irritation of cardiac nerves; cardiac hyperesthesia.</​span>​\\ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s112}}Periodical spells of faintness and oppression; attacks of syncope with fullness of chest and difficult breathing; heart'​s action rapid, regular or irregular; pulse 130 to 140; slightest motion or excitement aggravates.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s113}}Heart'​s action persistently rapid but weak.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s114}}After heart is relieved, old piles reappear or suppressed menses return.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s115}}Palpitation in patients subject to piles, dyspepsia and flatulence.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s116}}Valvular disease, following a severe and prolonged attack of acute rheumatism.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s117}}Pulse 140 per minute, steady and quick.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s118}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Irritation of cardiac nerves.</​span>​
 +
 +====== LOWER LIMBS. [33] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s120}}Inability to walk, must be carried from the house to carriage.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s121}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Dysmenorrhea and convulsions.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s122}}Tearing in both knees, passing down inside of legs to feet, while sitting; dull frontal headache.
 +
 +====== LIMBS IN GENERAL. [34] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s124}}Tearing pains in arms, hands and legs; frontal headache.
 +
 +====== REST. POSITION. MOTION. [35] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s128}}While sitting: sharp cutting in stomach; tearing in knees, passing down inside of legs to feet.\\ {{anchor:​s129}}Must sit down: on account of cutting, colicky pains in hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s130}}Can neither walk, lie down, nor sit, except upon edge of chair, parts so swollen and inflamed, during pregnancy.\\ {{anchor:​s131}}Motion:​ syncope and oppression of chest agg. from slightest.
 +
 +====== NERVES. [36] ======
 +
 +<span grade3>​{{anchor:​s133}}The slightest emotion or excitement of any kind aggravates the symptoms.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s134}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Irritation of cardiac nerves.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s135}}Becomes very faint, from pains in hypogastric region.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s136}}Periodical spells of faintness and oppression.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s137}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Irritation of cardiac nerves.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s138}}Attacks of syncope with fullness of chest and difficulty of breathing.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s139}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Irritation of cardiac nerves.</​span>​\\ <span grade3>​{{anchor:​s140}}Great debility.</​span>​ <span grade2>​{{anchor:​s141}}~</​span>​ <span grade3>​Prolapsus ani.</​span>​
 +
 +====== SLEEP. [37] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s143}}Disposition to sleep during day.\\ {{anchor:​s144}}Sleep disturbed by hypogastric pains.
 +
 +====== TIME. [38] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s146}}In morning: piles amel.\\ {{anchor:​s147}}In afternoon: creeping, chilly sensation.\\ {{anchor:​s148}}During day: four to twelve stools; disposition to sleep.\\ {{anchor:​s149}}In evening: jagging sensation in lower part of rectum and anus agg.; piles agg.; prolapsus agg.\\ {{anchor:​s150}}At night: two stools; piles agg.; sleep disturbed by hypogastric pains.
 +
 +====== ATTACKS, PERIODICITY. [41] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s152}}Constant:​ heaviness in stomach; pressure in rectum; hemorrhage from piles; diarrhea.\\ {{anchor:​s153}}Frequent:​ necessity to urinate.\\ {{anchor:​s154}}Every few minutes: cutting, colicky pains in hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s155}}Every five minutes: sharp cutting in stomach.\\ {{anchor:​s156}}Spasmodic:​ pains in bowels; crampy pains in abdomen.\\ {{anchor:​s157}}Periodical:​ spells of faintness and oppression.\\ {{anchor:​s158}}Lasting fifteen to twenty minutes: convulsions.\\ {{anchor:​s159}}Lasting about half an hour: dull pains in anus and hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s160}}Jagging sensation in lower part of rectum and anus, agg. in evening, and continues so until late at night.\\ {{anchor:​s161}}Lasting twenty-four hours or more: stupor following convulsions.\\ {{anchor:​s162}}For six or seven days: bowels not moved.\\ {{anchor:​s163}}Chronic:​ diarrhea of children; diarrhea after confinement;​ hemorrhoids;​ diseases of rectum; nephritis and cystitis.
 +
 +====== SENSATIONS. [43] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s165}}As of sand in rectum; as if sticks or gravel had lodged in lower part of rectum and anus; as of extreme tenderness in rectum.\\ {{anchor:​s166}}Pain:​ in stomach; in lower part of abdomen, before stool; in hypogastrium,​ before and after stool; in region of womb before convulsions;​ in chest, alternating with piles.\\ {{anchor:​s167}}Cutting:​ in hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s168}}Sharp cutting: in stomach.\\ {{anchor:​s169}}Tearing:​ in knees, passing down inside of legs to feet; in arms, hands and legs.\\ {{anchor:​s170}}Jagging:​ in lower part of rectum and anus.\\ {{anchor:​s171}}Burning:​ in anus.\\ {{anchor:​s172}}Soreness:​ of genitals, during pregnancy.\\ {{anchor:​s173}}Heavy dragging ache: in pelvis.\\ {{anchor:​s174}}Colicky pains: in hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s175}}Cramplike pains: in stomach; in bowels; in abdomen.\\ {{anchor:​s176}}Dull pain: in head; in anus and hypogastrium.\\ {{anchor:​s177}}Pressure:​ in rectum.\\ {{anchor:​s178}}Fullness:​ in head; of chest.\\ {{anchor:​s179}}Heaviness:​ in stomach.\\ {{anchor:​s180}}Weight:​ in epigastrium;​ in rectum.\\ {{anchor:​s181}}Throbbing:​ in head.\\ {{anchor:​s182}}Distress:​ in anus.\\ {{anchor:​s183}}Uneasiness:​ in chest.\\ {{anchor:​s184}}Heat:​ in stomach; in anus.\\ {{anchor:​s185}}Creeping,​ chilly sensation: in afternoon.\\ {{anchor:​s186}}Itching:​ in rectum; in anus; of parts, during pregnancy, making her almost delirious.
 +
 +====== TISSUES. [44] ======
 +
 +<span grade4>​{{anchor:​s188}}Pelvic and portal congestion, resulting in dysmenorrhea and piles.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s189}}Whole gastro-intestinal canal affected, especially rectum.\\ <span grade4>​{{anchor:​s190}}Dropsy from cardiac disease.</​span>​
 +
 +====== SKIN. [46] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s192}}Yellow around the eyes.
 +
 +====== STAGE OF LIFE, CONSTITUTION. [47] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s194}}Young lady, subject to attacks at each menstrual period, for four years; dysmenorrhea and menstrual convulsions.\\ {{anchor:​s195}}Mrs. B., at eighth month of pregnancy; pruritus.\\ {{anchor:​s196}}Mrs. B., aet. 29, at sixth month or pregnancy, suffering as she had previously done, under same circumstances,​ from obstinate constipation.\\ {{anchor:​s197}}Wm. C., aet. 36, short in stature, very scrawny and sallow, of a nervous temperament,​ spinner by occupation, wore a truss supporting abdomen and allowing bowels to rest upon an ivory ball; prolapsus ani.\\ {{anchor:​s198}}Woman,​ aet. 59, suffering previously from pelvic pains, relieved by Aloes; constipation.\\ {{anchor:​s199}}Gentleman,​ light-complexioned,​ thin, nervous and dyspeptic; flowing piles.\\ {{anchor:​s200}}Engineer,​ extremely bilious, nervous temperament,​ suffering somewhat from effects of Mexican climate; varicocele.
 +
 +====== RELATIONS. [48] ======
 +
 +{{anchor:​s202}}Antidoted by <span grade2>​Nux vom.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s203}}Was used with benefit in a case of cardiac disease, in which <span grade2>​Digit.,​ Cactus</​span>,​ and other remedies failed.\\ {{anchor:​s204}}With <span grade2>​Aloes</​span>,​ cured a case of pelvic congestion.\\ {{anchor:​s205}}With <span grade2>​Conium</​span>,​ cured a case of pulmonary hemorrhage.\\ {{anchor:​s206}}Compare:​ <span grade2>​Aesc. hipp.</​span>​ (piles); <span grade2>​Aloes</​span>​ (proctitis and rectal dysentery); <span grade2>​Coloc.</​span>​ (colic); <span grade2>​Hamam.,​ Nux vom., Sulphur</​span>,​ also <span grade2>​Arnic.,​ Diosc., Hydrast.</​span>​ and <span grade2>​Ignat.</​span>​\\ {{anchor:​s207}}Cured colic after <span grade2>​Coloc.</​span>​ and <span grade2>​Nux vom.</​span>​ failed.
 +
 +----
 +
 +====== DOCUMENT DESCRIPTOR ======
 +^ Source: | [[en:​mm:​hering:​start|The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica]] Vol. 04, 1884 |
 +^ Description:​ | Clinical materia medica of [[en:​rem:​r478|Collinsonia canadensis]] |
 +^ Remedies: | [[en:​rem:​r478|Collinsonia canadensis]] |
 +^ Author: | Hering, C.; Raue, C.G.; Knerr, C.B.; Mohr, C. |
 +^ Year: | 1884 |
 +^ Editing: | errors only; interlinks; formatting |
 +^ Attribution:​ | Legatum Homeopathicum |}
  
en/mm/hering/collinsonia-canadensis-r478.txt · Last modified: 2013/10/21 11:39 (external edit)